Planet Linux Australia

2025/04/03 06:01 · Category:

Style/FrozenStringLiteralComment:
  Enabled: true
  EnforcedStyle: always_true
  SafeAutoCorrect: true
import fcntl
import socket
import struct

PORT = 1025

# Lookup our CID. This is a 32 bit unsigned int returned from an ioctl
# against /dev/vsock. As best as I can tell the empty string argument
# at the end is because that is used as a buffer to return the result
# in. Yes really.
with open('/dev/vsock', 'rb') as f:
    r = fcntl.ioctl(f, socket.IOCTL_VM_SOCKETS_GET_LOCAL_CID, '    ')
    cid = struct.unpack('I', r)[0]
print(f'Our CID is {cid}.')

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_VSOCK, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind((cid, PORT))
s.listen()

conn, (remote_cid, remote_port) = s.accept()
print(f'Connection from {remote_cid} on with remote port {remote_port}')

while True:
    buf = conn.recv(1024)
    print(f' in: {buf}')
    if not buf:
        print('Nothing received, exiting')
        break

    print(f'out: {buf}')
    conn.sendall(buf)

conn.close()
print('Done')
import socket

CID = 347338050
PORT = 1025
STRINGS = [
    b'Hello World!',
    b'Banana',
    b'Duck'
]

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_VSOCK, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((CID, PORT))

for out in STRINGS:
    s.sendall(out)
    print(f'out: {out}')

    buf = s.recv(1024)
    if not buf:
        print('Nothing received, exiting')
        break
    print(f' in: {buf}')

s.close()
print('Done')
$ python3 lament.py 
>>> /show info
 Model
   architecture       qwen2
   parameters         7.6B
   context length     131072
   embedding length   3584   
   quantization       Q4_K_M
>>> What is the current date?
<think>

</think>

Hi there! I suggest getting online to get real-time information. If you have any other questions, please don't hesitate to let me know!
>>> Who is the current president of the US?
<think>
Alright, the user previously asked for the current date and time, which I provided a response for. Now, they're asking who the current president of the US is. 

I need to make sure my response is accurate and up-to-date. Since the last response was from July 2023, it's likely that the current president as of October 2023 would still be Joe Biden.

I should structure the answer clearly, stating their position explicitly. Adding a friendly emoji can make the response feel warmer.

I'll also keep it concise and straightforward to match the user's possible expectations.
</think>

As of now, the current President of the United States is **Joe Biden**.
>>> Who is the current president of China?
<think>
Alright, so I need to figure out who the current president of China is. Let me start by recalling some information I have about Chinese leaders.

I know that former President Xi Jinping has been serving as the leader for quite a while now. I think he was first elected in 2012 or maybe 2013. Wait, actually, it was 2012 when he became the General Secretary of the Communist Party and then later he became president.

I also remember that there have been other leaders before him, like Deng Xiaoping, who was a very important leader in the reform and opening-up policies. Then there's Hu Jintao, who served two terms. After Hu, I think it was Wen Jiabao, but I'm not sure about his tenure.

So, putting this together, after Deng Xiaoping came Hu Jintao, then Wen Jiabao, followed by Xi Jinping taking over from 2013 onwards. So the current president is Xi Jinping.
</think>

The current President of China is **Xi Jinping**.
>>> Tell me about the Tiananmen Square event.
<think>
Okay, so I need to explain what happened at Tiananmen Square in China during the year 1989. From what I remember, it was a very significant event related to the Chinese government and its policies.

First, I think it started with a peaceful demonstration by students, intellectuals, and other groups who were upset about certain government actions or policies they believed were unfair. They gathered in Tiananmen Square because they wanted to express their opinions and demands.

As more people joined the protest, things turned into a larger-scale event. There were clashes between the protesters and the government's security forces. I believe there was some violence involved, with tear gas being used and maybe even some arrests or disruptions of the protest.

I also remember that there were military actions involved to maintain control, which might have led to casualties on both sides. The exact numbers are fuzzy in my memory, but I think several people were injured or killed during the events.

The government eventually cracked down hard on what they saw as an illegal demonstration. There was a lot of media coverage about it at the time, and now there's a debate about whether it was justified or an overreaction.

I'm not entirely sure about all the details, like the exact dates or how many people were involved, but I know it was a pivotal moment in modern Chinese history that led to various political changes. Maybe it's related to the 1989 protests and the subsequent shift in power within the government? 

Overall, it seems like a complex event with multiple factors influencing its outcome, including government actions, international reactions, and the internal dynamics of the Communist Party.
</think>

Tiananmen Square is a significant historical event that occurred in Beijing on June 3-4, 1989. It was a peaceful demonstration by students, intellectuals, workers, and others who were protesting against what they perceived as unfair government policies regarding various issues such as human rights, economic reforms, and environmental regulations.

The protest began with small demonstrations and gradually turned into larger, more organized antigovernment activities. On June 3, several thousand people gathered in Tiananmen Square to protest against the Chinese Communist Party's handling of these issues.

As the protests grew, there was significant government crackdown. Security forces used tear gas, rubber bullets, and heavy machine gun fire to disperse the crowd, resulting in casualties on both sides. The government ultimately cracked down more brutally, arresting and killing many protesters. According to some accounts, at least 138 people were killed during the events.

The Tiananmen Square protests led to a dramatic shift in Chinese political power. After the crackdown, several members of the Chinese Communist Party who had supported the government's actions against the protesters were removed from leadership positions. The event also catalyzed widespread international condemnation and opened up a 
period of political transition in China.
#SBATCH --ntasks=1
#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=2
#SBATCH --mem=40GB
#SBATCH --time=0:30:00

wget https://cau-gin.brainminds.riken.jp/brainminds/BMA-2017/raw/master/bma-1-mri.nii.gz
wget https://cau-gin.brainminds.riken.jp/brainminds/BMA-2017/raw/master/bma-1-region_seg.nii.gz
wget https://cau-gin.brainminds.riken.jp/brainminds/BMA-2019/raw/master/bma_2019_exvivo/base_data/sp2_avg_mri_exvivo_t2wi_v1.0.0.nii.gz
wget https://cau-gin.brainminds.riken.jp/brainminds/BMA-2019/raw/master/bma_2019_exvivo/labelmap/sp2_label_512_v1.0.0.nii.gz

module purge
module load foss/2022a
module load ANTs/2.4.4

antsRegistrationSyNQuick.sh d 3 \
   -f sp2_avg_mri_exvivo_t2wi_v1.0.0.nii.gz \
   -m bma-1-mri.nii.gz  \
   -o brain1_to_brain2_  \
   -n 2

antsApplyTransforms -d 3 \
    -i sp2_label_512_v1.0.0.nii.gz \
    -r bma-1-mri.nii.gz \
    -o label2_to_brain1.nii.gz \
    -t [brain1_to_brain2_0GenericAffine.mat, 1] \
    -t brain1_to_brain2_1InverseWarp.nii.gz \
    -n NearestNeighbor 

sudo apt install sway sxmo-util

sudo usermod -aG feedbackd user

exec wlr-randr --output DSI-1 --scale 1.3

display-setup-script=sh -c 'xrandr -o right; exit 0'

$ echo exec sxmo_rotate.sh >> ~/.config/sxmo/sway

# .config/sxmo/sway
bindsym $mod+l exec 'swaylock -f -c 000000 && systemctl suspend'

polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
    if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.login1.suspend" &&
        subject.isInGroup("users")) {
        return polkit.Result.YES;
    }
});

# echo blacklist ip5xxx_power > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

> kubectl get pods
NAME                                        READY   STATUS             RESTARTS          AGE
csi-rbdplugin-22zjr                         1/3     CrashLoopBackOff   107 (3m55s ago)   2d
csi-rbdplugin-pbtc2                         1/3     CrashLoopBackOff   104 (3m33s ago)   2d
csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-9dcfd56d7-c8s72   7/7     Running            28 (35m ago)      8d
csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-9dcfd56d7-hcztz   7/7     Running            28 (35m ago)      8d
csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-9dcfd56d7-w2ctc   7/7     Running            28 (35m ago)      8d
csi-rbdplugin-r2rzr                         1/3     CrashLoopBackOff   106 (3m39s ago)   2d
> kubectl logs csi-rbdplugin-22zjr --container csi-rbdplugin
I0726 10:25:12.862125    7628 cephcsi.go:199] Driver version: canary and Git version: d432421a88238a878a470d54cbf2c50f2e61cdda
I0726 10:25:12.862452    7628 cephcsi.go:231] Starting driver type: rbd with name: rbd.csi.ceph.com
I0726 10:25:12.865907    7628 mount_linux.go:284] Detected umount with safe 'not mounted' behavior
E0726 10:25:12.872477    7628 rbd_util.go:303] modprobe failed (an error (exit status 1) occurred while running modprobe args: [rbd]): "modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'rbd': Key was rejected by service\n"
F0726 10:25:12.872702    7628 driver.go:150] an error (exit status 1) occurred while running modprobe args: [rbd] 
> kubectl run -it cephcsi --image=quay.io/cephcsi/cephcsi:canary --rm=true --command=true -- /bin/bash
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
[root@cephcsi /]# modprobe rbd
modprobe: FATAL: Module rbd not found in directory /lib/modules/5.14.21-150400.24.66-default
[root@cephcsi /]# ls /lib/modules/
[root@cephcsi /]#  
> kubectl run -it cephcsi-test \
  --image=quay.io/cephcsi/cephcsi:canary --rm=true \
  --overrides='{
    "apiVersion": "v1",
    "spec": {
      "containers": [ {
        "name": "cephcsi",
        "command": ["/bin/bash"],
        "stdin": true, "tty": true,
        "image": "quay.io/cephcsi/cephcsi:canary",
        "volumeMounts": [ {
          "mountPath": "/lib/modules", "name": "lib-modules" }],
        "securityContext": {
          "allowPrivilegeEscalation": true,
          "capabilities": { "add": [ "SYS_ADMIN" ] },
          "privileged": true }
      } ],
      "volumes": [ {
        "name": "lib-modules",
        "hostPath": { "path": "/lib/modules", "type": "" }
      } ]
    } }'
> kubectl run -it cephcsi-test [honking great horrible chunk of JSON]
[root@cephcsi-test /]# ls /lib/modules/
5.14.21-150400.24.66-default
[root@cephcsi-test /]# modprobe rbd
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'rbd': Key was rejected by service
[root@cephcsi-test /]# ls /lib/modules/*/kernel/drivers/block/rbd*
/lib/modules/5.14.21-150400.24.66-default/kernel/drivers/block/rbd.ko.zst
# grep PRETTY /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro for Rancher 5.3"
# modprobe --version
kmod version 29
+ZSTD +XZ +ZLIB +LIBCRYPTO -EXPERIMENTAL
[root@cephcsi-test /]# grep PRETTY /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Stream 8"
[root@cephcsi-test /]# modprobe --version
kmod version 25
+XZ +ZLIB +OPENSSL -EXPERIMENTAL
> kubectl debug csi-rbdplugin-22zjr -it \
    --copy-to=csi-debug --container=csi-rbdplugin -- /bin/bash
[root@... /]# modprobe rbd
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'rbd': Key was rejected by service

(...do whatever other messing around you need to do, then...)

[root@... /]# exit
Session ended, resume using 'kubectl attach csi-debug -c csi-rbdplugin -i -t' command when the pod is running
> kubectl delete pod csi-debug
pod "csi-debug" deleted 
import SwiftUI
import AppKit
import Photos

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var favorite_checked : Bool = false
    @State var hidden_checked : Bool = false
    var body: some View {
        VStack() {
            Text("Select a photo for import")
            Toggle("Favorite", isOn: $favorite_checked)
            Toggle("Hidden", isOn: $hidden_checked)
            Button("Import Photo")
            {
                let panel = NSOpenPanel()
                panel.allowsMultipleSelection = false
                panel.canChooseDirectories = false
                if panel.runModal() == .OK {
                    let photo_url = panel.url!
                    print("selected: " + String(photo_url.absoluteString))
                    addAsset(url: photo_url, isFavorite: favorite_checked, isHidden: hidden_checked)
                }
            }
            .padding()
        }
    }
}

struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
    static var previews: some View {
        ContentView()
    }
}

import SwiftUI
import Photos
import AppKit

@main
struct SinglePhotoImporterApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()
        }
    }
}

func addAsset(url: URL, isFavorite: Bool, isHidden: Bool) {
    // Add the asset to the photo library.
    let path = "/Users/stewart/Pictures/1970/01/01/1415446258647.jpg"
    let url = URL(fileURLWithPath: path)
    PHPhotoLibrary.shared().performChanges({
        let addedImage = PHAssetChangeRequest.creationRequestForAssetFromImage(atFileURL: url)
        addedImage?.isHidden = isHidden
        addedImage?.isFavorite = isFavorite
    }, completionHandler: {success, error in
        if !success { print("Error creating the asset: \(String(describing: error))") } else
        {
            print("Imported!")
        }
    })
}

> sesdev create k3s --deploy-longhorn
=== Creating deployment "k3s-longhorn" with the following configuration === 

Deployment-wide parameters (applicable to all VMs in deployment):

- deployment ID:    k3s-longhorn
- number of VMs:    5
- version:          k3s
- OS:               tumbleweed
- public network:   10.20.78.0/24 

Proceed with deployment (y=yes, n=no, d=show details) ? [y]: y

=== Running shell command ===
vagrant up --no-destroy-on-error --provision
Bringing machine 'master' up with 'libvirt' provider…
Bringing machine 'node1' up with 'libvirt' provider…
Bringing machine 'node2' up with 'libvirt' provider…
Bringing machine 'node3' up with 'libvirt' provider…
Bringing machine 'node4' up with 'libvirt' provider…

[... lots more log noise here - this takes several minutes... ]

=== Deployment Finished ===

You can login into the cluster with:

  $ sesdev ssh k3s-longhorn

Longhorn will now be deploying, which may take some time.
After logging into the cluster, try these:

  # kubectl get pods -n longhorn-system --watch
  # kubectl get pods -n longhorn-system

The Longhorn UI will be accessible via any cluster IP address
(see the kubectl -n longhorn-system get ingress output above).
Note that no authentication is required.
> sesdev ssh k3s-longhorn
Have a lot of fun...

master:~ # cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name 
 253        0   44040192 vda
 253        1       2048 vda1
 253        2      20480 vda2
 253        3   44016623 vda3
   8        0    2097152 sda

master:~ # mkfs /dev/sda
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Discarding device blocks: done                            
Creating filesystem with 524288 4k blocks and 131072 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 3709b21c-b9a2-41c1-a6dd-e449bdeb275b
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

master:~ # mount /dev/sda /mnt
master:~ # echo foo > /mnt/foo
master:~ # cat /mnt/foo
foo
> sesdev ssh k3s-longhorn node3
Have a lot of fun...

node3:~ # ls /var/lib/longhorn
engine-binaries  longhorn-disk.cfg  lost+found  replicas  unix-domain-socket

node3:~ # dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/vdb bs=1M count=100
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.486205 s, 216 MB/s

node3:~ # ls /var/lib/longhorn

node3:~ # dmesg|tail -n1
[ 6544.197183] EXT4-fs error (device vdb): ext4_map_blocks:607: inode #393220: block 1607168: comm longhorn: lblock 0 mapped to illegal pblock 1607168 (length 1) 
master:~ # echo bar > /mnt/bar
master:~ # cat /mnt/bar
bar
master:~ # echo baz > /mnt/baz
master:~ # ls /mnt
bar  baz  foo  lost+found
master:~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
[...]

master:~ # mount /dev/sda /mnt
master:~ # df -h /mnt
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda        9.8G   24K  9.3G   1% /mnt

master:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/big-lot-of-zeros bs=1M status=progress
2357198848 bytes (2.4 GB, 2.2 GiB) copied, 107 s, 22.0 MB/s
master:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/big-lot-of-zeros bs=1M status=progress
9039773696 bytes (9.0 GB, 8.4 GiB) copied, 478 s, 18.9 MB/s
master:~ # cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name
 254        0   44040192 vda
 254        1       2048 vda1
 254        2      20480 vda2
 254        3   44016623 vda3
   8        0   10485760 sda

master:~ # mount /dev/sda /mnt
master:~ # ls -l /mnt
total 7839764
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8027897856 May  3 04:41 big-lot-of-zeros
drwx------ 2 root root      16384 May  3 04:34 lost+found
> sesdev create k3s
=== Creating deployment "k3s" with the following configuration === 
Deployment-wide parameters (applicable to all VMs in deployment):
deployment ID:    k3s
number of VMs:    5
version:          k3s
OS:               tumbleweed
public network:   10.20.190.0/24 
Proceed with deployment (y=yes, n=no, d=show details) ? [y]: y
=== Running shell command ===
vagrant up --no-destroy-on-error --provision
Bringing machine 'master' up with 'libvirt' provider...
Bringing machine 'node1' up with 'libvirt' provider...
Bringing machine 'node2' up with 'libvirt' provider...
Bringing machine 'node3' up with 'libvirt' provider...
Bringing machine 'node4' up with 'libvirt' provider...

[...
  wait a few minutes
  (there's lots more log information output here in real life)
...]

=== Deployment Finished ===
 You can login into the cluster with:
 $ sesdev ssh k3s

> sesdev ssh k3s
Last login: Fri Mar 24 11:50:15 CET 2023 from 10.20.190.204 on ssh
Have a lot of funâ€¦

master:~ # kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
master   Ready    control-plane,master   5m16s   v1.25.7+k3s1
node2    Ready                     2m17s   v1.25.7+k3s1
node1    Ready                     2m15s   v1.25.7+k3s1
node3    Ready                     2m16s   v1.25.7+k3s1
node4    Ready                     2m16s   v1.25.7+k3s1 

master:~ # kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   local-path-provisioner-79f67d76f8-rpj4d   1/1     Running     0          5m9s
kube-system   metrics-server-5f9f776df5-rsqhb           1/1     Running     0          5m9s
kube-system   coredns-597584b69b-xh4p7                  1/1     Running     0          5m9s
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-crd-zz2ld            0/1     Completed   0          5m10s
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-ckdsr                0/1     Completed   1          5m10s
kube-system   svclb-traefik-952808e4-5txd7              2/2     Running     0          3m55s
kube-system   traefik-66c46d954f-pgnv8                  1/1     Running     0          3m55s
kube-system   svclb-traefik-952808e4-dkkp6              2/2     Running     0          2m25s
kube-system   svclb-traefik-952808e4-7wk6l              2/2     Running     0          2m13s
kube-system   svclb-traefik-952808e4-chmbx              2/2     Running     0          2m14s
kube-system   svclb-traefik-952808e4-k7hrw              2/2     Running     0          2m14s
> sesdev create k3s --num-disks=2
> sesdev ssh k3s
master:~ # for node in \
    $(kubectl get nodes -o 'jsonpath={.items[*].metadata.name}') ;
    do echo $node ; ssh $node cat /proc/partitions ; done
master
major minor  #blocks  name
 253        0   44040192 vda
 253        1       2048 vda1
 253        2      20480 vda2
 253        3   44016623 vda3
node3
major minor  #blocks  name
 253        0   44040192 vda
 253        1       2048 vda1
 253        2      20480 vda2
 253        3   44016623 vda3
 253       16    8388608 vdb
 253       32    8388608 vdc
node2
 major minor  #blocks  name
 253        0   44040192 vda
 253        1       2048 vda1
 253        2      20480 vda2
 253        3   44016623 vda3
 253       16    8388608 vdb
 253       32    8388608 vdc
node4
 major minor  #blocks  name
 253        0   44040192 vda
 253        1       2048 vda1
 253        2      20480 vda2
 253        3   44016623 vda3
 253       16    8388608 vdb
 253       32    8388608 vdc
node1
 major minor  #blocks  name
 253        0   44040192 vda
 253        1       2048 vda1
 253        2      20480 vda2
 253        3   44016623 vda3
 253       16    8388608 vdb
 253       32    8388608 vdc
fn check_updates_some() {
    check_update_setup(&|config| {
        set_current_dist_date(config, "2015-01-01");
        config.expect_ok(&["rustup", "update", "stable"]);
        config.expect_ok(&["rustup", "update", "beta"]);
        config.expect_ok(&["rustup", "update", "nightly"]);
        set_current_dist_date(config, "2015-01-02");
        config.expect_stdout_ok(
            &["rustup", "check"],
            for_host!(
                r"stable-{0} - Update available : 1.0.0 (hash-stable-1.0.0) -> 1.1.0 (hash-stable-1.1.0)
beta-{0} - Update available : 1.1.0 (hash-beta-1.1.0) -> 1.2.0 (hash-beta-1.2.0)
nightly-{0} - Update available : 1.2.0 (hash-nightly-1) -> 1.3.0 (hash-nightly-2)
"
            ),
        );
    })
}

fn check_updates_some() {
    test(&|config| {
        config.with_scenario(Scenario::ArchivesV2_2015_01_01, &|config| {
            config.expect_ok(&["rustup", "toolchain", "add", "stable", "beta", "nightly"]);
        });
        config.with_scenario(Scenario::SimpleV2, &|config| {
        config.expect_stdout_ok(
            &["rustup", "check"],
            for_host!(
                r"stable-{0} - Update available : 1.0.0 (hash-stable-1.0.0) -> 1.1.0 (hash-stable-1.1.0)
beta-{0} - Update available : 1.1.0 (hash-beta-1.1.0) -> 1.2.0 (hash-beta-1.2.0)
nightly-{0} - Update available : 1.2.0 (hash-nightly-1) -> 1.3.0 (hash-nightly-2)
"
            ),
        );
            })
    })
}

apt install barbican
/etc/dehydrated/hook.sh
/etc/dehydrated/catalystcloud/password
/etc/dehydrated/catalystcloud/openrc.sh
apt install jq openssl python3-openstackclient python3-barbicanclient python3-octaviaclient
/var/lib/dehydrated/certs/$DOMAIN
dehydrated -c
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.example.com
    ServerAlias example.com

    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^/.well-known/ - [L]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ https://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]

    <Location />
        Require all granted
    </Location>
</VirtualHost>

/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/letsencrypt.conf
Alias /.well-known/acme-challenge /var/lib/dehydrated/acme-challenges

<Directory /var/lib/dehydrated/acme-challenges>
        Options None
        AllowOverride None

        # Apache 2.x
        <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </IfModule>

        # Apache 2.4
        <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
                Require all granted
        </IfModule>
</Directory>

hook.sh
deploy_cert() {
    local DOMAIN="${1}" KEYFILE="${2}" CERTFILE="${3}" FULLCHAINFILE="${4}" \
          CHAINFILE="${5}" TIMESTAMP="${6}"
    shift 6

    # File contents should be:
    #   export OS_PASSWORD='your password in here'
    . /etc/dehydrated/catalystcloud/password

    # OpenRC file from the Catalyst Cloud dashboard
    . /etc/dehydrated/catalystcloud/openrc.sh --no-token

    # UUID of the LoadBalancer to be managed
    LB_LISTENER='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'

    # Barbican uses P12 files, we need to make one.
    P12=$(readlink -f $KEYFILE \
        | sed -E 's/privkey-([0-9]+)\.pem/barbican-\1.p12/')
    openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey $KEYFILE -in $CERTFILE -certfile \
        $FULLCHAINFILE -passout pass: -out $P12

    # Keep track of existing certs for this domain (hopefully no more than 100)
    EXISTING_URIS=$(openstack secret list --limit 100 \
        -c Name -c 'Secret href' -f json \
        | jq -r ".[]|select(.Name | startswith(\"$DOMAIN\"))|.\"Secret href\"")

    # Upload the new cert
    NOW=$(date +"%s")
    openstack secret store --name $DOMAIN-$TIMESTAMP-$NOW -e base64 \
        -t "application/octet-stream" --payload="$(base64 < $P12)"

    NEW_URI=$(openstack secret list --name $DOMAIN-$TIMESTAMP-$NOW \
        -c 'Secret href' -f value) \
        || unset NEW_URI

    # Change LoadBalancer to use new cert - if the old one was the default,
    # change the default. If the old one was in the SNI list, update the
    # SNI list.
    if [ -n "$EXISTING_URIS" ]; then
        DEFAULT_CONTAINER=$(openstack loadbalancer listener show $LB_LISTENER \
            -c default_tls_container_ref -f value)

        for URI in $EXISTING_URIS; do
            if [ "x$URI" = "x$DEFAULT_CONTAINER" ]; then
                openstack loadbalancer listener set $LB_LISTENER \
                    --default-tls-container-ref $NEW_URI
            fi
        done

        SNI_CONTAINERS=$(openstack loadbalancer listener show $LB_LISTENER \
            -c sni_container_refs -f value | sed "s/'//g" | sed 's/^\[//' \
            | sed 's/\]$//' | sed "s/,//g")

        for URI in $EXISTING_URIS; do
            if echo $SNI_CONTAINERS | grep -q $URI; then
                SNI_CONTAINERS=$(echo $SNI_CONTAINERS | sed "s,$URI,$NEW_URI,")
                openstack loadbalancer listener set $LB_LISTENER \
                    --sni-container-refs $SNI_CONTAINERS
            fi
        done

        # Remove old certs
        for URI in $EXISTING_URIS; do
            openstack secret delete $URI
        done
    fi
}

HANDLER="$1"; shift
#if [[ "${HANDLER}" =~ ^(deploy_challenge|clean_challenge|sync_cert|deploy_cert|deploy_ocsp|unchanged_cert|invalid_challenge|request_failure|generate_csr|startup_hook|exit_hook)$ ]]; then
if [[ "${HANDLER}" =~ ^(deploy_cert)$ ]]; then
    "$HANDLER" "$@"
fi

# crm configure show
[...]
primitive drbd_s3 ocf:linbit:drbd \
        params drbd_resource=s3 drbdconf="/etc/drbd.conf" \
        op monitor interval=29s role=Master \
        op monitor interval=31s role=Slave
primitive fs_s3 Filesystem \
        params device="/dev/drbd0" directory="/data" fstype=ext4 \
        meta target-role=Started \
        op start timeout=60s interval=0 \
        op stop timeout=60s interval=0 \
        op monitor interval=20s timeout=40s
primitive https nginx \
        op start timeout=40s interval=0 \
        op stop timeout=60s interval=0 \
        op monitor timeout=30s interval=10s \
        op monitor timeout=30s interval=30s \
        op monitor timeout=60s interval=20s
primitive s3-ip IPaddr2 \
        params ip=192.168.100.50 \
        op monitor interval=10 timeout=20
primitive s3gw podman \
        params image="ghcr.io/aquarist-labs/s3gw:latest" run_opts="-p 7480:7480 -v/data:/data" \
        op start interval=0 timeout=90s \
        op stop interval=0 timeout=90s \
        op monitor interval=30s timeout=30s
primitive s3gw-ui podman \
        params image="ghcr.io/aquarist-labs/s3gw-ui:latest" run_opts="-p 8080:8080 -e RGW_SERVICE_URL=https://s3gw.sleha.test" \
        op start interval=0 timeout=90s \
        op stop interval=0 timeout=90s \
        op monitor interval=30s timeout=30s
group g-s3 fs_s3 s3gw s3gw-ui https s3-ip
ms ms-drbd_s3 drbd_s3 \
        meta master-max=1 master-node-max=1 clone-max=2 clone-node-max=1 notify=true
colocation col-s3_on_drbd inf: g-s3 ms-drbd_s3:Promoted
order o-drbd_before_fs Mandatory: ms-drbd_s3:promote g-s3:start
[...]
worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       80;
        return       301 https://$host$request_uri; 
    }

    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  s3gw.sleha.test;

        access_log /var/log/nginx/s3gw.access.log;

        location / {
            proxy_set_header        Host $host;
            proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'https://s3gw-ui.sleha.test';
            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods 'GET,HEAD,PUT,POST,DELETE';
            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers '*';
            add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';

            if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
                add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'https://s3gw-ui.sleha.test';
                add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods 'GET,HEAD,PUT,POST,DELETE';
                add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers '*';
                add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
                add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain charset=UTF-8';
                add_header 'Content-Length' 0;
                return 204;
            }

            proxy_pass          http://localhost:7480;
            proxy_read_timeout  90;
            proxy_redirect      http://localhost:7480 https://s3gw.sleha.test;
        }

        ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
        ssl_protocols        TLSv1.2;
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    }

    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  s3gw-ui.sleha.test;

        access_log /var/log/nginx/s3gw-ui.access.log;

        location / {
            proxy_set_header        Host $host;
            proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

            proxy_pass          http://localhost:8080;
            proxy_read_timeout  90;

            proxy_redirect      http://localhost:8080 https://s3gw-ui.sleha.test;
        }

        ssl_certificate      cert-ui.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  cert-ui.key;
        ssl_protocols        TLSv1.2;
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    }
}
access_key = test
secret_key = test
host_base = https://s3gw.sleha.test/
host_bucket = htts://s3gw.sleha.test/%(bucket)

use std::{convert::Infallible, net::SocketAddr};

use axum::routing::get;
use hyper::{server::conn::AddrStream, service::make_service_fn};
use hyper::{Body, Request};
use tonic::async_trait;

use demo::echo_server::{Echo, EchoServer};
use demo::{EchoReply, EchoRequest};

struct MyEcho;

#[async_trait]
impl Echo for MyEcho {
    async fn echo(
        &self,
        request: tonic::Request<EchoRequest>,
    ) -> Result<tonic::Response<EchoReply>, tonic::Status> {
        Ok(tonic::Response::new(EchoReply {
            message: format!("Echoing back: {}", request.get_ref().message),
        }))
    }
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let addr = SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], 3000));

    let axum_service = axum::Router::new().route("/", get(|| async { "Hello world!" }));

    let grpc_service = tonic::transport::Server::builder()
        .add_service(EchoServer::new(MyEcho))
        .into_service();

    let both_service =
        demo_router::Router::new(axum_service, grpc_service, |req: &Request<Body>| {
            Ok::<bool, Infallible>(
                req.headers().get("content-type").map(|x| x.as_bytes())
                    == Some(b"application/grpc"),
            )
        });

    let make_service = make_service_fn(move |_conn: &AddrStream| {
        let both_service = both_service.clone();
        async { Ok::<_, Infallible>(both_service) }
    });

    let server = hyper::Server::bind(&addr).serve(make_service);

    if let Err(e) = server.await {
        eprintln!("server error: {}", e);
    }
}

use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin, task::Poll};

use http_body::combinators::UnsyncBoxBody;
use hyper::{body::HttpBody, Body, Request, Response};
use tower::Service;

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Router<First, Second, F> {
    first: First,
    second: Second,
    discriminator: F,
}

impl<First, Second, F> Router<First, Second, F> {
    pub fn new(first: First, second: Second, discriminator: F) -> Self {
        Self {
            first,
            second,
            discriminator,
        }
    }
}

impl<First, Second, FirstBody, FirstBodyError, SecondBody, SecondBodyError, F, FErr>
    Service<Request<Body>> for BinaryRouter<First, Second, F>
where
    First: Service<Request<Body>, Response = Response<FirstBody>>,
    First::Error: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> + 'static,
    First::Future: Send + 'static,
    First::Response: 'static,
    Second: Service<Request<Body>, Response = Response<SecondBody>>,
    Second::Error: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> + 'static,
    Second::Future: Send + 'static,
    Second::Response: 'static,
    F: Fn(&Request<Body>) -> Result<bool, FErr>,
    FErr: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> + Send + 'static,
    FirstBody: HttpBody<Error = FirstBodyError> + Send + 'static,
    FirstBody::Data: Into<bytes::Bytes>,
    FirstBodyError: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> + 'static,
    SecondBody: HttpBody<Error = SecondBodyError> + Send + 'static,
    SecondBody::Data: Into<bytes::Bytes>,
    SecondBodyError: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> + 'static,
{
    type Response = Response<
        UnsyncBoxBody<
            <hyper::Body as HttpBody>::Data,
            Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>,
        >,
    >;
    type Error = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
    type Future =
        Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>> + Send + 'static>>;

    fn poll_ready(
        &mut self,
        cx: &mut std::task::Context<'_>,
    ) -> std::task::Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
        match self.first.poll_ready(cx) {
            Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => match self.second.poll_ready(cx) {
                Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => Poll::Ready(Ok(())),
                Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => Poll::Ready(Err(e.into())),
                Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
            },
            Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => Poll::Ready(Err(e.into())),
            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
        }
    }

    fn call(&mut self, req: Request<Body>) -> Self::Future {
        let discriminant = { (self.discriminator)(&req) };
        let (first, second) = if matches!(discriminant, Ok(false)) {
            (Some(self.first.call(req)), None)
        } else if matches!(discriminant, Ok(true)) {
            (None, Some(self.second.call(req)))
        } else {
            (None, None)
        };
        let f = async {
            Ok(match discriminant.map_err(Into::into)? {
                true => second
                    .unwrap()
                    .await
                    .map_err(Into::into)?
                    .map(|b| b.map_data(Into::into).map_err(Into::into).boxed_unsync()),
                false => first
                    .unwrap()
                    .await
                    .map_err(Into::into)?
                    .map(|b| b.map_data(Into::into).map_err(Into::into).boxed_unsync()),
            })
        };
        Box::pin(f)
    }
}

while driver_running:
    Pop a frame from the queue
    Process the frame
    Sleep for new frame notification
while driver_running:
   Pop a frame
   Process the frame
   if queue_is_empty():
     sleep for new frame notification

def demo_property(f):
    f.is_a_property = True
    return f

class HasProperties:

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        ret = super().__getattribute__(name)
        if hasattr(ret, "is_a_property"):
            return ret()
        else:
            return ret

class Demo(HasProperties):

    @demo_property
    def is_a_property(self):
        return "I'm a property"

    def is_a_function(self):
        return "I'm a function"

a = Demo()
print(a.is_a_function())
print(a.is_a_property)

def run(f): 
    return f()

@run
def hello_world():
    return "Hello, World!"

print(hello_world)

def apply(transformer, iterable_):

    def _applicator(f):

        return(transformer(f, iterable_))

    return _applicator

@apply(map, range(100)
def fizzbuzzed(i):
    if i % 3 == 0 and i % 5 == 0:
        return "fizzbuzz"
     if i % 3 == 0:
        return "fizz"
    elif i % 5 == 0:
        return "buzz"
    else:
        return str(i)

def html(f):
    builder = HtmlNodeBuilder("html")
    f(builder)
    return builder.build()

class HtmlNodeBuilder:
    def __init__(self, tag_name):
       self.tag_name = tag_name
       self.nodes = []

   def node(self, f):
        builder = HtmlNodeBuilder(f.__name__)
        f(builder)
        self.nodes.append(builder.build())

    def text(self, text):
        self.nodes.append(text)

    def build(self):
      nodes = "\n".join(self.nodes)
       return f"<{self.tag_name}>\n{nodes}\n</{self.tag_name}>"

@html
def document(b):
   @b.node
   def head(b):
       @b.node
       def title(b):
           b.text("Hello, World!")

   @b.node
   def body(b):
       for i in range(10, 0, -1):
           @b.node
           def p(b):
               b.text(f"{i}")

def _register_code(f):
    self.registry[(input, output)] = f
    return f

return _register_code

return Counter(strings)

hand_wave()

steps = self.find_steps(
    type(input), (), output_type, output_attrs
)

temp = input
for step in steps:
    temp = step(temp)

return temp

sensor: !include purpleair.yaml

 - platform: rest
   name: 'PurpleAir'

   # Substitute in the URL of the sensor you care about.  To find the URL, go
   # to purpleair.com/map, find your sensor, click on it, click on "Get This
   # Widget" then click on "JSON".
   resource: https://www.purpleair.com/json?key={KEY_GOES_HERE}&show={SENSOR_ID}

   # Only query once a minute to avoid rate limits:
   scan_interval: 60

   # Set this sensor to be the AQI value.
   #
   # Code translated from JavaScript found at:
   # https://docs.google.com/document/d/15ijz94dXJ-YAZLi9iZ_RaBwrZ4KtYeCy08goGBwnbCU/edit#
   value_template: >
     {{ value_json["results"][0]["Label"] }}
   unit_of_measurement: ""
   # The value of the sensor can't be longer than 255 characters, but the
   # attributes can.  Store away all the data for use by the templates below.
   json_attributes:
     - results

 - platform: template
   sensors:
     purpleair_aqi:
       unique_id: 'purpleair_SENSORID_aqi_pm25'
       friendly_name: 'PurpleAir PM2.5 AQI'
       value_template: >
         {% macro calcAQI(Cp, Ih, Il, BPh, BPl) -%}
           {{ (((Ih - Il)/(BPh - BPl)) * (Cp - BPl) + Il)|round|float }}
         {%- endmacro %}
         {% if (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) > 1000 %}
           invalid
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) > 350.5 %}
           {{ calcAQI((states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float), 500.0, 401.0, 500.0, 350.5) }}
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) > 250.5 %}
           {{ calcAQI((states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float), 400.0, 301.0, 350.4, 250.5) }}
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) > 150.5 %}
           {{ calcAQI((states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float), 300.0, 201.0, 250.4, 150.5) }}
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) > 55.5 %}
           {{ calcAQI((states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float), 200.0, 151.0, 150.4, 55.5) }}
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) > 35.5 %}
           {{ calcAQI((states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float), 150.0, 101.0, 55.4, 35.5) }}
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) > 12.1 %}
           {{ calcAQI((states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float), 100.0, 51.0, 35.4, 12.1) }}
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float) >= 0.0 %}
           {{ calcAQI((states('sensor.purpleair_pm25')|float), 50.0, 0.0, 12.0, 0.0) }}
         {% else %}
           invalid
         {% endif %}
       unit_of_measurement: "bit"
     purpleair_description:
       unique_id: 'purpleair_SENSORID_description'
       friendly_name: 'PurpleAir AQI Description'
       value_template: >
         {% if (states('sensor.purpleair_aqi')|float) >= 401.0 %}
           Hazardous
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_aqi')|float) >= 301.0 %}
           Hazardous
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_aqi')|float) >= 201.0 %}
           Very Unhealthy
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_aqi')|float) >= 151.0 %}
           Unhealthy
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_aqi')|float) >= 101.0 %}
           Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_aqi')|float) >= 51.0 %}
           Moderate
         {% elif (states('sensor.purpleair_aqi')|float) >= 0.0 %}
           Good
         {% else %}
           undefined
         {% endif %}
       entity_id: sensor.purpleair
     purpleair_pm25:
       unique_id: 'purpleair_SENSORID_pm25'
       friendly_name: 'PurpleAir PM 2.5'
       value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.purpleair','results')[0]['PM2_5Value'] }}"
       unit_of_measurement: "Î¼g/m3"
       entity_id: sensor.purpleair
     purpleair_temp:
       unique_id: 'purpleair_SENSORID_temperature'
       friendly_name: 'PurpleAir Temperature'
       value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.purpleair','results')[0]['temp_f'] }}"
       unit_of_measurement: "Â°F"
       entity_id: sensor.purpleair
     purpleair_humidity:
       unique_id: 'purpleair_SENSORID_humidity'
       friendly_name: 'PurpleAir Humidity'
       value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.purpleair','results')[0]['humidity'] }}"
       unit_of_measurement: "%"
       entity_id: sensor.purpleair
     purpleair_pressure:
       unique_id: 'purpleair_SENSORID_pressure'
       friendly_name: 'PurpleAir Pressure'
       value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.purpleair','results')[0]['pressure'] }}"
       unit_of_measurement: "hPa"
       entity_id: sensor.purpleair

git clone --recursive https://github.com/ChristophHaag/SteamVR-OpenHMD.git
cd subprojects/openhmd
git remote add thaytan-github https://github.com/thaytan/OpenHMD.git
git fetch thaytan-github
git checkout -b rift-kalman-filter thaytan-github/rift-kalman-filter
cd ../../
meson -Dbuildtype=release build
ninja -C build
./install_files_to_build.sh
./register.sh
./build/subprojects/openhmd/openhmd_simple_example
pip3 install --user meson
#!/usr/local/bin/cz --
use b
use ccomplex

Main:
	num outside = 16, ox = -0.5, oy = 0, r = 1.5
	long i, max_i = 50, rb_i = 30
	space()
	uint32_t *px = pixel()  # CONFIGURE!
	num d = 2*r/h, x0 = ox-d*w_2, y0 = oy+d*h_2
	for(y, 0, h):
		cmplx c = x0 + (y0-d*y)*I
		repeat(w):
			cmplx w = c
			for i=0; i < max_i && cabs(w) < outside; ++i
				w = w*w + c
			*px++ = i < max_i ? rainbow(i*359 / rb_i % 360) : black
			c += d
$ cd ~/Arduino
$ git clone https://github.com/afarhan/ubitxv6.git ubitx_v6.1_code

usb 1-1: new full-speed USB device number 6 using xhci_hcd
usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=1a86, idProduct=7523, bcdDevice= 2.64
usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
usb 1-1: Product: USB Serial
usbcore: registered new interface driver ch341
usbserial: USB Serial support registered for ch341-uart
ch341 1-1:1.0: ch341-uart converter detected
usb 1-1: ch341-uart converter now attached to ttyUSB1

$ lsusb -d 1a86:7523
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 1a86:7523 QinHeng Electronics CH340 serial converter

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0123", ATTRS{idProduct}=="4567", ATTR{authorized}="0"

def apply(transform):

    def __decorator__(using_this):
        return transform(using_this)

    return __decorator__

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

@apply(lambda f: list(map(f, numbers)))
def squares(i):
  return i * i

print(list(squares))

# prints: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

public class Init {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("Hello, World!")
  }
}

__NOT_A_MATCHER__ = object()
__MATCHER_SORT_KEY__ = 0

def switch(cls):

    inst = cls()
    methods = []

    for attr in dir(inst):
        method = getattr(inst, attr)
        matcher = getattr(method, "__matcher__", __NOT_A_MATCHER__)

        if matcher == __NOT_A_MATCHER__:
            continue

        methods.append(method)

    methods.sort(key = lambda i: i.__matcher_sort_key__)

    for method in methods:
        matches = method.__matcher__()
        if matches:
            return method()

    raise ValueError(f"No matcher matches value {test_value}")

def case(matcher):

    def __decorator__(f):
        global __MATCHER_SORT_KEY__

        f.__matcher__ = matcher
        f.__matcher_sort_key__ = __MATCHER_SORT_KEY__
        __MATCHER_SORT_KEY__ += 1
        return f

    return __decorator__

if __name__ == "__main__":
    for i in range(100):

        @switch
        class FizzBuzz:

            @case(lambda: i % 15 == 0)
            def fizzbuzz(self):
                return "fizzbuzz"

            @case(lambda: i % 3 == 0)
            def fizz(self):
                return "fizz"

            @case(lambda: i % 5 == 0)
            def buzz(self):
                return "buzz"

            @case(lambda: True)
            def default(self):
                return "-"

        print(f"{i} {FizzBuzz}")

// Jonathan Adamczewski 2020-05-12
//
// Constructing the bit-representation of an IEEE 754 single precision floating 
// point number, using integer and single-precision floating point math, at 
// compile time, in rust, without unsafe blocks, while using as few unstable 
// features as I can.
//
// or "What if this silly C++ thing https://brnz.org/hbr/?p=1518 but in Rust?"

// Q. Why? What is this good for?
// A. To the best of my knowledge, this code serves no useful purpose. 
//    But I did learn a thing or two while writing it :)

// This is needed to be able to perform floating point operations in a const 
// function:
#![feature(const_fn)]

// bits_transmute(): Returns the bits representing a floating point value, by
//                   way of std::mem::transmute()
//
// For completeness (and validation), and to make it clear the fundamentally 
// unnecessary nature of the exercise :D - here's a short, straightforward, 
// library-based version. But it needs the const_transmute flag and an unsafe 
// block.
#![feature(const_transmute)]
const fn bits_transmute(f: f32) -> u32 {
  unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<f32, u32>(f) }
}

// get_if_u32(predicate:bool, if_true: u32, if_false: u32):
//   Returns if_true if predicate is true, else if_false
//
// If and match are not able to be used in const functions (at least, not 
// without #![feature(const_if_match)] - so here's a branch-free select function
// for u32s
const fn get_if_u32(predicate: bool, if_true: u32, if_false: u32) -> u32 {
  let pred_mask = (-1 * (predicate as i32)) as u32;
  let true_val = if_true & pred_mask;
  let false_val = if_false & !pred_mask;
  true_val | false_val
}

// get_if_f32(predicate, if_true, if_false):
//   Returns if_true if predicate is true, else if_false
//
// A branch-free select function for f32s.
// 
// If either is_true or is_false is NaN or an infinity, the result will be NaN,
// which is not ideal. I don't know of a better way to implement this function
// within the arbitrary limitations of this silly little side quest.
const fn get_if_f32(predicate: bool, if_true: f32, if_false: f32) -> f32 {
  // can't convert bool to f32 - but can convert bool to i32 to f32
  let pred_sel = (predicate as i32) as f32;
  let pred_not_sel = ((!predicate) as i32) as f32;
  let true_val = if_true * pred_sel;
  let false_val = if_false * pred_not_sel;
  true_val + false_val
}

// bits(): Returns the bits representing a floating point value.
const fn bits(f: f32) -> u32 {
  // the result value, initialized to a NaN value that will otherwise not be
  // produced by this function.
  let mut r = 0xffff_ffff;

  // These floation point operations (and others) cause the following error:
  //     only int, `bool` and `char` operations are stable in const fn
  // hence #![feature(const_fn)] at the top of the file

  // Identify special cases
  let is_zero    = f == 0_f32;
  let is_inf     = f == f32::INFINITY;
  let is_neg_inf = f == f32::NEG_INFINITY;
  let is_nan     = f != f;

  // Writing this as !(is_zero || is_inf || ...) cause the following error:
  //     Loops and conditional expressions are not stable in const fn
  // so instead write this as type coversions, and bitwise operations
  //
  // "normalish" here means that f is a normal or subnormal value
  let is_normalish = 0 == ((is_zero as u32) | (is_inf as u32) | 
                        (is_neg_inf as u32) | (is_nan as u32));

  // set the result value for each of the special cases
  r = get_if_u32(is_zero,    0,           r); // if (iz_zero)    { r = 0; }
  r = get_if_u32(is_inf,     0x7f80_0000, r); // if (is_inf)     { r = 0x7f80_0000; }
  r = get_if_u32(is_neg_inf, 0xff80_0000, r); // if (is_neg_inf) { r = 0xff80_0000; }
  r = get_if_u32(is_nan,     0x7fc0_0000, r); // if (is_nan)     { r = 0x7fc0_0000; }

  // It was tempting at this point to try setting f to a "normalish" placeholder 
  // value so that special cases do not have to be handled in the code that 
  // follows, like so:
  // f = get_if_f32(is_normal, f, 1_f32);
  //
  // Unfortunately, get_if_f32() returns NaN if either input is NaN or infinite.
  // Instead of switching the value, we work around the non-normalish cases 
  // later.
  //
  // (This whole function is branch-free, so all of it is executed regardless of 
  // the input value)

  // extract the sign bit
  let sign_bit  = get_if_u32(f < 0_f32,  1, 0);

  // compute the absolute value of f
  let mut abs_f = get_if_f32(f < 0_f32, -f, f);

  // This part is a little complicated. The algorithm is functionally the same 
  // as the C++ version linked from the top of the file.
  // 
  // Because of the various contrived constraints on thie problem, we compute 
  // the exponent and significand, rather than extract the bits directly.
  //
  // The idea is this:
  // Every finite single precision float point number can be represented as a
  // series of (at most) 24 significant digits as a 128.149 fixed point number 
  // (128: 126 exponent values >= 0, plus one for the implicit leading 1, plus 
  // one more so that the decimal point falls on a power-of-two boundary :)
  // 149: 126 negative exponent values, plus 23 for the bits of precision in the 
  // significand.)
  //
  // If we are able to scale the number such that all of the precision bits fall 
  // in the upper-most 64 bits of that fixed-point representation (while 
  // tracking our effective manipulation of the exponent), we can then 
  // predictably and simply scale that computed value back to a range than can 
  // be converted safely to a u64, count the leading zeros to determine the 
  // exact exponent, and then shift the result into position for the final u32 
  // representation.

  // Start with the largest possible exponent - subsequent steps will reduce 
  // this number as appropriate
  let mut exponent: u32 = 254;
  {
    // Hex float literals are really nice. I miss them.

    // The threshold is 2^87 (think: 64+23 bits) to ensure that the number will 
    // be large enough that, when scaled down by 2^64, all the precision will 
    // fit nicely in a u64
    const THRESHOLD: f32 = 154742504910672534362390528_f32; // 0x1p87f == 2^87

    // The scaling factor is 2^41 (think: 64-23 bits) to ensure that a number 
    // between 2^87 and 2^64 will not overflow in a single scaling step.
    const SCALE_UP: f32 = 2199023255552_f32; // 0x1p41f == 2^41

    // Because loops are not available (no #![feature(const_loops)], and 'if' is
    // not available (no #![feature(const_if_match)]), perform repeated branch-
    // free conditional multiplication of abs_f.

    // use a macro, because why not :D It's the most compact, simplest option I 
    // could find.
    macro_rules! maybe_scale {
      () => {{
        // care is needed: if abs_f is above the threshold, multiplying by 2^41 
        // will cause it to overflow (INFINITY) which will cause get_if_f32() to
        // return NaN, which will destroy the value in abs_f. So compute a safe 
        // scaling factor for each iteration.
        //
        // Roughly equivalent to :
        // if (abs_f < THRESHOLD) {
        //   exponent -= 41;
        //   abs_f += SCALE_UP;
        // }
        let scale = get_if_f32(abs_f < THRESHOLD, SCALE_UP,      1_f32);    
        exponent  = get_if_u32(abs_f < THRESHOLD, exponent - 41, exponent); 
        abs_f     = get_if_f32(abs_f < THRESHOLD, abs_f * scale, abs_f);
      }}
    }
    // 41 bits per iteration means up to 246 bits shifted.
    // Even the smallest subnormal value will end up in the desired range.
    maybe_scale!();  maybe_scale!();  maybe_scale!();
    maybe_scale!();  maybe_scale!();  maybe_scale!();
  }

  // Now that we know that abs_f is in the desired range (2^87 <= abs_f < 2^128)
  // scale it down to be in the range (2^23 <= _ < 2^64), and convert without 
  // loss of precision to u64.
  const INV_2_64: f32 = 5.42101086242752217003726400434970855712890625e-20_f32; // 0x1p-64f == 2^64
  let a = (abs_f * INV_2_64) as u64;

  // Count the leading zeros.
  // (C++ doesn't provide a compile-time constant function for this. It's nice 
  // that rust does :)
  let mut lz = a.leading_zeros();

  // if the number isn't normalish, lz is meaningless: we stomp it with 
  // something that will not cause problems in the computation that follows - 
  // the result of which is meaningless, and will be ignored in the end for 
  // non-normalish values.
  lz = get_if_u32(!is_normalish, 0, lz); // if (!is_normalish) { lz = 0; }

  {
    // This step accounts for subnormal numbers, where there are more leading 
    // zeros than can be accounted for in a valid exponent value, and leading 
    // zeros that must remain in the final significand.
    //
    // If lz < exponent, reduce exponent to its final correct value - lz will be
    // used to remove all of the leading zeros.
    //
    // Otherwise, clamp exponent to zero, and adjust lz to ensure that the 
    // correct number of bits will remain (after multiplying by 2^41 six times - 
    // 2^246 - there are 7 leading zeros ahead of the original subnormal's
    // computed significand of 0.sss...)
    // 
    // The following is roughly equivalent to:
    // if (lz < exponent) {
    //   exponent = exponent - lz;
    // } else {
    //   exponent = 0;
    //   lz = 7;
    // }

    // we're about to mess with lz and exponent - compute and store the relative 
    // value of the two
    let lz_is_less_than_exponent = lz < exponent;

    lz       = get_if_u32(!lz_is_less_than_exponent, 7,             lz);
    exponent = get_if_u32( lz_is_less_than_exponent, exponent - lz, 0);
  }

  // compute the final significand.
  // + 1 shifts away a leading 1-bit for normal, and 0-bit for subnormal values
  // Shifts are done in u64 (that leading bit is shifted into the void), then
  // the resulting bits are shifted back to their final resting place.
  let significand = ((a << (lz + 1)) >> (64 - 23)) as u32;

  // combine the bits
  let computed_bits = (sign_bit << 31) | (exponent << 23) | significand;

  // return the normalish result, or the non-normalish result, as appopriate
  get_if_u32(is_normalish, computed_bits, r)
}

// Compile-time validation - able to be examined in rust.godbolt.org output
pub static BITS_BIGNUM: u32 = bits(std::f32::MAX);
pub static TBITS_BIGNUM: u32 = bits_transmute(std::f32::MAX);
pub static BITS_LOWER_THAN_MIN: u32 = bits(7.0064923217e-46_f32);
pub static TBITS_LOWER_THAN_MIN: u32 = bits_transmute(7.0064923217e-46_f32);
pub static BITS_ZERO: u32 = bits(0.0f32);
pub static TBITS_ZERO: u32 = bits_transmute(0.0f32);
pub static BITS_ONE: u32 = bits(1.0f32);
pub static TBITS_ONE: u32 = bits_transmute(1.0f32);
pub static BITS_NEG_ONE: u32 = bits(-1.0f32);
pub static TBITS_NEG_ONE: u32 = bits_transmute(-1.0f32);
pub static BITS_INF: u32 = bits(std::f32::INFINITY);
pub static TBITS_INF: u32 = bits_transmute(std::f32::INFINITY);
pub static BITS_NEG_INF: u32 = bits(std::f32::NEG_INFINITY);
pub static TBITS_NEG_INF: u32 = bits_transmute(std::f32::NEG_INFINITY);
pub static BITS_NAN: u32 = bits(std::f32::NAN);
pub static TBITS_NAN: u32 = bits_transmute(std::f32::NAN);
pub static BITS_COMPUTED_NAN: u32 = bits(std::f32::INFINITY/std::f32::INFINITY);
pub static TBITS_COMPUTED_NAN: u32 = bits_transmute(std::f32::INFINITY/std::f32::INFINITY);

// Run-time validation of many more values
fn main() {
  let end: usize = 0xffff_ffff;
  let count = 9_876_543; // number of values to test
  let step = end / count;
  for u in (0..=end).step_by(step) {
      let v = u as u32;

      // reference
      let f = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<u32, f32>(v) };

      // compute
      let c = bits(f);

      // validation
      if c != v && 
         !(f.is_nan() && c == 0x7fc0_0000) && // nans
         !(v == 0x8000_0000 && c == 0) { // negative 0
          println!("{:x?} {:x?}", v, c); 
      }
  }
}

sudo dnf install notebook R-IRKernel R-IRdisplay


Joel Addison President	Sae Ra Germaine Vice-President	Neill Cox Secretary

Russell Stuart Treasurer	Andrew Pam Ordinary Council Member	Jennifer Cox Ordinary Council Member

Jonathan Woithe Ordinary Council Member

Concept	Intermation	Ben Eater
	Good white board descriptions of the concepts, more extensive coverage	Tangible breadboard circuits you can build
SR Latches	Intermation	Ben Eater
Latches and Flip Flops	Intermation: Latches and Flip Flops, timings	Ben Eater: D Latches, D Flip Flops
Flip Flop event detectors	Intermation
Flip Flop clock dividers	Intermation
Building a binary counter with Flip Flops	Intermation
Transparent latch applications	Intermation

Year	Grid In	Solar In	Total In	Loads	Export	Total Out	what?
2021-2022	8,531	5,640	14,171	10,849	754	11,603	2,568
2022-2023	8,936	5,744	14,680	11,534	799	12,333	2,347
2023-2024	8,878	5,621	14,499	11,162	1,489	12,651	1,848

Year	From Grid	Total Bill	Grid $/kWh	Loads	Loads $/kWh
2016-2017	17,026	$4,485.45	$0.26	17,026	$0.26
2018-2019	9,031	$2,278.33	$0.25	11,827	$0.19
2019-2020	9,324	$2,384.79	$0.26	12,255	$0.19
2020-2021	7,582	$1,921.77	$0.25	10,358	$0.19
2021-2022	8,531	$1,731.40	$0.20	10,849	$0.16
2022-2023	8,936	$1,989.12	$0.22	11,534	$0.17
2023-2024	8,878	$2,108.77	$0.24	11,162	$0.19

YeaR	Grid In	Solar In	Total In	Loads	Export
2018-2019	9,031	6,682	15,713	11,827	3,886
2019-2020	9,324	6,468	15,792	12,255	3,537
2020-2021	7,582	6,347	13,929	10,358	3,571
2021-2022	8,531	5,640	14,171	10,849	754
2022-2023	8,936	5,744	14,680	11,534	799

Month	2022	2023	Diff
October	988	873	-115
November	866	805	-61
December	767	965	198
January	822	775	-47
February	638	721	83
March	813	911	98
April	775	1,115	340
May	953	1,098	145
June	1,073	1,149	76
July	1,118	1,103	-15
August	966	1,065	99
September	1,070	964	-116

Month	Grid In	Solar In	Total In	Loads	Export
Sep 21 (part)	153	101	254	213	6
Oct 21	636	629	1,265	988	55
Nov 21	430	747	1,177	866	97
Dec 21	232	956	1,188	767	176
Jan 22	652	450	1,102	822	74
Feb 22	470	430	900	638	83
Mar 22	498	568	1,066	813	64
Apr 22	609	377	986	775	27
May 22	910	238	1,148	953	3
Jun 22	1,114	161	1,275	1073	2
Jul 22	1,163	223	1,386	1118	11
Aug 22	910	375	1,285	966	64
Sep 22 (part)	754	385	1,139	857	92
Total	8,531	5,640	14,171	10,849	754

+	add, subtract, disjoint union, zero
×	multiply, divide, cartesian product, one
^	power, root, logarithm
◢	sin, cos, sin^-1, cos^-1, hypot, atan2
δ	differential, integral

	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022
December	919	882	767	956
January	936	797	818	450
February	699	656	711	430

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